The Qb.SDM model works with the following set of bioclimatic variable layers — predictors:
1.
WorldClim 2.1. More:
worldclim.org ➦.
Citation: Fick, S.E. and R.J. Hijmans, 2017. WorldClim 2: new 1km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology 37 (12): 4302-4315 ➦.
2.
WorldClim 2.1 future climate data. More:
worldclim.org ➦.
Citation: We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme, which, through its Working Group on Coupled Modelling, coordinated and promoted CMIP6. We thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output, the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) for archiving the data and providing access, and the multiple funding agencies who support CMIP6 and ESGF.
3.
ENVIREM. More:
envirem.github.io ➦.
Citation: Title P.O., Bemmels J.B. 2018. ENVIREM: an expanded set of bioclimatic and topographic variables increases flexibility and improves performance of ecological niche modeling. Ecography. 41:291–307.
4.
EarthEnv Land Cover. More:
earthenv.org ➦.
Citation: Tuanmu, M.-N. and W. Jetz. 2014. A global 1-km consensus land-cover product for biodiversity and ecosystem modeling. Global Ecology and Biogeography 23(9): 1031-1045 ➦.
5.
SoilGrids. More:
docs.isric.org ➦.
Citation: Common soil chemical and physical properties: Poggio, L., de Sousa, L. M., Batjes, N. H., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Kempen, B., Ribeiro, E., and Rossiter, D.: SoilGrids 2.0: producing soil information for the globe with quantified spatial uncertainty, SOIL, 7, 217–240, 2021. DOI ➦
Soil water content at different pressure heads: Turek, M.E., Poggio, L., Batjes, N. H., Armindo, R. A., de Jong van Lier, Q., de Sousa, L.M., Heuvelink, G. B. M. : Global mapping of volumetric water retention at 100, 330 and 15000 cm suction using the WoSIS database, International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 11-2, 225-239, 2023. DOI ➦
6.
CHELSA. More:
chelsa-climate.org ➦.
Citation: Brun, P., Zimmermann, N. E., Hari, C., Pellissier, L., Karger, D. N. (2022). CHELSA-BIOCLIM+ A novel set of global climate-related predictors at kilometre-resolution. EnviDat. DOI ➦
A note on terminology. There are two closely related concepts: SDM (species distribution modelling) and ENM (ecological niche modelling). They are often confused.
ENM models the ecological niche occupied by a species. An ENM result can be projected onto a map, but it can only be called SDM once the model accounts for the geographic and historical barriers limiting the species' distribution. Qb.SDM can account for these barriers, so the result is SDM when the M-factor is enabled, and ENM when it is disabled.
More on the difference between ENM and SDM in the article by Peterson, A. T., Soberón, J.: Species Distribution Modeling and Ecological Niche Modeling: Getting the Concepts Right ➦
